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The history of Budapest is that of the cities Buda and Pest that were not joined until the mid-nineteenth century. Built on the remains of the Roman city of Aquincum, both cities have suffered various invasions in their history.
The ancestors of modern-day Hungarians were the Magyars, who inhabited the region that was known as Hungary from the year 1000. Their first king was Stephen I. In 1241 the Mongol invasion left almost ruined all the buildings constructed to that date. In 1401 Buda became the seat of the monarchy.
Almost a century later Hungary was being invaded again, this time by the Ottoman Empire. The occupation lasted until 1626 when the Habsburgs regained dominance in the area.
In the eighteenth century the city suffered a flood that left some 70,000 dead while German was introduced as the official language.
The key joining of the cities that today make up Budapest occurred in 1873, between Buda, Pest and Óbuda. Even during World War II, the city was partially destroyed by Allied bombing.
In the second half of the twentieth century the city went past the two million inhabitants mark but there has been a downward trend since the nineties due to low birth rates and high emigration.
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